Methods of testing soils for engineering purposes method 7. What is the procedure for free swell index test of soil. They concluded that the soil clusters became larger and that binding with ohled to formation of floccules resulting in the. The free swelling index generally increases with rank among relatively fresh bituminous coals with less than 9%. May 14, 20 objective for determination of free swell index of soils reference standard is. Correlation between swelling index of bentonite clay and the. In this method, which is a standard method of practice speci. In this method 10 grams of ovendried soil sample passing. The modified free swell index is shown to bear unique correlations with liquid limit volume basis and percent swell of oedometer specimens compacted to proctor optimum conditions. The free swell index shows a nearly linear variation.
Soil reactivity testsdetermination of the shrinkage index of a soilshrinkswell index 1 scope this standard sets out a method for conducting a swell test and a simplified core shrinkage test on companion samples of undisturbed soil. As the clay percentage in a soil increases, it exhibits more swelling pressure and free swell index. Clay soils swelling on wetting at cranfield university duration. Modified free swell index for clays astm international.
Swell test apparatus is designed to determine the swelling pressure developed by soil specimens moulded to desired densities at known moisture content. Remoulded compacted soil, when soaked in water, absorbs water and swells. The amount of certain clay minerals that are present, such as montmorillonite and smectite, directly affects the shrinkswell capacity of soil. Astm d5890 19 standard test method for swell index of. There is still a great necessity for civil and geotechnical engineering practice in the city to deepen the understanding of the mechanical properties of the soils in this zone of the city. Artificial neural network the methodology used for modeling the prediction of the free swell index of the expansive soil using a neural network has been presented in this section. The swelling pressure increases as the free swell index increases. The process began with the selection of input parameters and the output parameter. Free burning coals do not have the same swelling characteristic free swelling index of 0. The swell index or free swell test procedure is used to determine the general swelling characteristics of sodium bentonite clay. The shrinkswell index of clay refers to the extent certain clay minerals will expand when wet and retract when dry. In this paper, a nondimensional modified free swell index is proposed, which removes the uncertainties present in the holtz and gibbs method. Definition free swell index is the increase in volume of a soil, without any external constraints, on submergence in water.
For the soil samples index properties are calculated and soils are classified accordingly. The level of the soil in the distilled water cylinder shall be read as the free swell level. Traditional freeswell testing to achieve the same level of characterization required approximately 30 days for the highly plastic clay evaluated in the study. Input parameters for the artificial neural network model were plasticity index and shrinkage index, while the output was the free swell index.
Free swell is 2720 part 201977 experimentation all experiments were carried out from engineering point of view to identify the reduction in free swell index and to improve the engineering properties of black cotton soil. Prediction of the free swell index of the expansive soil using artificial neural network has been presented in this paper. The present paper deals with the evaluation of free swell index of black cotton soil with fly ash, which are individually determined first and then combined in varying proportions. Characterization of the swelling properties of highly plastic. Prediction of swelling characteristics of remoulded and. Free swell index test of soil, fsi test of soil asper is. Free swell is the increase in volume of a soil, without any external constraints, on submergence in water. This method allowed for the characterization of the swelling properties of the soil within 24 hours of the start of testing.
Engineering properties of bentonite stabilized with lime and. Establishing relationship between swelling pressure and free swell index of soils a case study proceedings of national conf. The soil samples, kerosene being a nonpolar liquid does not cause swelling of the soil. Classification procedures for expansive soils citeseerx. Subbituminous coals and lignite are classified as free burning coals. The determination of free swell index also known as differential free swell of soil helps to identify the potential of a soil to swell which might need further detailed investigation regarding swelling and swelling pressures under different field conditions.
Determine free swell index of soil civil engineering portal. Prediction of free swell index for the expansive soil using. Free swell index test of soil, fsi test of soil asper is code. Freeburning coals do not have the same swelling characteristic free swelling index of 0. Expansive soil was collected at a depth of 1 m from the ground level from the town of amalapuram, ap, india. Pdf prediction of free swell index for the expansive soil. In many cases, the shrinking and swelling of expansive clays in response to mois. The possibility of damage to structures due to swelling of expensive clays need be identified, at the outset, by an investigation of those soils. Characterization of the swelling properties of highly.
The results indicated that the dry density, cbr values were improved and swelling was reduced due to addition of copper slag 30% and fly ash 10% % by weight of soil in the soil. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to. Study about swelling behaviour of black cotton soil with. Oedometer swell test the time versus swell response of the soils was obtained. Soil with a high shrinkswell capacity is problematic and is known as shrinkswell soil, or expansive soil. Pdf prediction of free swell index for the expansive soil using. The plots were drawn for the training and the testing data of the ann model and were shown in fig. Prediction of fsi value by using hyperbola method international. In the industry the swell index tests are used as a prescreening method for. Prediction of free swell index for the expansive soil. Swell testing apparatus, swell test apparatus, swelling. In this study the swelling index, plasticity index and linear shrinkage of bentonite clay and activated bentonite clay were determined. Mar 05, 2018 determination of free swell index of soils 1. D653 terminology relating to soil, rock, and contained fluids d698 test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort 12 400 ftlbfft3 600.
The content of the lime and phosphogypsum varied from 0 to 10 %. Where fsimax is the maximum predicted free swell index, fsimin is the minimum predicted free swell index respectively. May 20, 2018 free swell index, yes we will learn this important soil test in this video, for more detail visit our website follow us o. Effects of textile effluent on the differential free swell.
Free swell index is the increase in volume of a soil, without any external constraints, on submergence in water. Correlation between swelling index of bentonite clay and. Experience has shown that the plasticity index pi is an excellent indicator of. Data required for modeling were collected f rom the literature 312. The free swell index of the soil shall be calculated as follows. Swellconsolidation characteristics of fibrereinforced.
The maximum dry unit weight was 14 knm3 and the optimum moisture content was 27%. Expansive soil of a high free swell index fsi was used in the experimental study. Thus, ranganatham and satyanarayan 1965 propose an equation of the form. To determine the free swell index of soil as per is. Free swell index fsi indicates the potential expansiveness of a soil. Methodology swelling tests in model tank the soil sample of height 80 mm was compacted corresponding to maximum dry density and optimum moisture content in a mould of dia 150 mm and height of 180. Free swell will overstate the extent of the swelling.
To realize foundaiton distress, the swell pressures have to exceed the foundation stress. The soil was a highly swelling soil withfree swell index fsi of 180%. Free swell index test is conducted by taking 10g of oven. Engineering properties of bentonite stabilized with lime. Like many indextype soil s tests some shrinkswell tests are based on practical needs a nd tend to be rather crude a nd unreliable. Swelling properties of expansive soils treated with. Pdf on feb 19, 2019, rakesh kumar dutta and others published prediction of free swell index for the expansive soil using artificial neural. Subbituminous coals and lignite are classified as freeburning coals. Nylon fibre was used to reinforce the expansive soil specimens. Definition soil swelling is a term generally applied to the ability of a soil to undergo large changes in volume due to increased moisture content. Estimation of swell index of fine grained soils using. The index properties of the soil are presented in table 1.
Standard test method for expansion index of soils1. The granular material used for the installation of granular pil 2. Determination of free swell index of soils slideshare. From preliminary investigations it can be said that free swelling index can be reduced in. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Hence an attempt is madein this investigation to study the effect of textile effluent on the differential free swell index value of an expansive soil. Soil shrinkage characteristics in swelling soils 477 methods for assessing soil swellshrink potential a coefficient of linear extensibility, cole it characterizes the variation of soil volume from atm water retention i. Determine free swell index of soil civil engineering. Astm d5890 19 standard test method for swell index of clay. The level of the soil in the kerosenegraduated cylinder shall be read as the original volume. In order to determine the relationship with the highest regression coefficient between the index parameters and swell index, regression analyses were performed between w n, ll, e 0, g n, g d and swell index. Free swell index, yes we will learn this important soil test in this video, for more detail visit our website follow us o. Engineering properties such as compaction, unconfined compressive strength, consistency limits, percentage swell, free swell index, the california bearing ratio and the consolidation of bentonite stabilized with lime and phosphogypsum are presented in this paper. No doubt, the free swell test will give you some measure that the soil is prone to swell.
In this video we will learn how to determine the free swell index of soil. However, the free swelling test is simple to perform, does not require sophisticated instrumentation, and provides a reasonable measure of the caking properties of coal. Astm d589019, standard test method for swell index of clay mineral component of geosynthetic clay liners, astm international, west conshohocken, pa, 2019. For highly plastic soils the nature of curve of free swell index versus swelling pressure is upward concave while for low plasticity soils it is downward concave. Free swell or differential free swell, also termed as free swell index, is the increase in volume of soil without any external constraint when subjected to submergence in water. The measure of swell used by the corps of engineers is termed the free swell index. Like many index type soil s tests some shrink swell tests are based on practical needs a nd tend to be rather crude a nd unreliable. In an effort to extend the knowledge about the mechanical behavior of clays in this part of barranquilla, this. Im just not sure how you convert free swell into a design value for the foundation. Swelling properties of expansive soils treated with chemicals. Objective for determination of free swell index of soils reference standard is.
Atterberges limits, free swell index, swelling pressure, c. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. Pdf prediction of free swell index for the expansive. Equipment apparatus oven1050c to 1100c, min balance 0. Procedure soil sample upto 500 gram is taken from desired site and kept in oven for 24 hours at 1001100c, so that sample becomes. Both caking and free burning coals can be burned without difficulty in pulverized coalfired boilers.
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